Unlike commercially available ARTs, the sensitivity of AP-ART was maintained even when non-fasting saliva was used.

AP-ART performance in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in saliva of COVID-19 patients was investigated using a case–control study (139 participants enrolled and 162 saliva samples tested). Compared to existing dual gold amplification techniques, a limit of detection of one order of magnitude lower was achieved (0.0064 ng

The second contained signal amplifying nanoparticles that complex with the former and amplify the signal without any linker. The first contained spike protein binding gold nanoparticles which produced a visible red line upon encountering the virus. It also featured two parallel flow channels. The virus was captured multimodally, using both anti-spike protein antibodies and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein. Herein, we report an Amplified Parallel ART (AP-ART) with sensitivity above 90%, even with non-fasted samples. Saliva-based antigen rapid tests (ARTs) can fulfil this need, but these tests require overnight-fasted samples without which independent studies have demonstrated sensitivities of only 11.7 to 23.1%. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, simple, rapid, point-of-care tests not requiring trained personnel for primary care testing are essential.

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